1. 063 sieve) if necessary, to ensure that the fines content. The first video shows a larger machine, but the second video is a smaller man-powered machine you roll around! All you need to apply is a broom and burner, then you are ready to repair holes in the road. The pothole is cut square, cleaned and then treated with a tack coat of asphalt that acts as a glue. Weekdays 8:30AM to 5PM. Geveko Markings says that it’s preformed thermoplastic called ChipFill can be used for repairing cracks and smaller holes in surfaces other than asphalt Repairs made with ChipFill can be done in only 20 minutes without the need for bulky machinery, according to the company. Using a wire street broom, remove any loose aggregates, leaves, and dust from the pothole and the surrounding area. [fusion_table. 1. Road Patching Material, 25 Kg, Packaging Type: Pp Bag. No matter the location, the weather, or. And. Can’t find the pothole:ChipFill® – Pothole Road Repair. 99. Easy repair of cable installations with ChipFill™ --- Regions --- Global Americas Australia Denmark Deutschland España France United Kingdom Nederland República Portuguesa914 views, 5 likes, 0 loves, 2 comments, 16 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Fix My Island: Maybe we could use our plastic waste like this !ChipFill™ offers an ideal, on-the-spot repair of the road after the installation of optical cables which are used to provide internet access. A deep patch is considered a permanent pothole repair, while a thin surface patch is usually temporary. . Bagged high performance asphalt repair material for patching potholes, filling utility cuts, and repairing damaged asphalt without the need to heat the product. In San Severo in the south-eastern part of Italy, ChipFill was recently put to the test to check exactly how effective and easy it is to use. By combining ChipFill with this pre-coated aggregate filler, you will be able to repair bigger and deeper holes and keep roads from deteriorating further. There are 3 parking lots which you can stop at to get out and walk the paths above. 30pm). . The heated ChipFill™ will become molten and follow the contours of the repair area. Shop now at offers an ideal, on-the-spot repair of the road after the installation of optical cables which are used to provide internet access. Step 1 - Remove Debris From Pothole. ChipFill™ is a specially designed thermoplastic for repairs of smaller holes and cracks in the road surface. Keep your customers happy and protect your business by making sure that your commercial paving projects are in good condition. ChipFill™ is our effective pothole repair system for smaller damages on roads. With ChipFill you can easily make temporary repairment of holes and cracks. Swedish Artists Design DecoMark Markings. This type of patching machine utilizes an air-driven system. us ChipFill™ Road Repair Solving road repairs quickly and cost effectively Fast and cost-effective road repair solution ChipFill is uniquely designed to provide a cost effective method for quick repairs or patching of potholes, cracks, manholes and small open areas in asphalt. To prevent tracking, the filler should be 1⁄8 to 1⁄4 inch below the top of the crack. Comes with a little tool with suction cups. . ChipFill™ - Pothole Road Repair ChipFill™ is a specially designed thermoplastic for repairing cracks and smaller holes with diameter around 15-20 cm, and minimizing the risk of defects gett. Start Safety, Drury Lane, Martin Hussingtree, Worcester, WR3 8TD. ), $12. You can request pothole repair services by calling the Mayor's Citywide Call Center at 311 or by completing a service request online using the District government's Service Request Center. Sands – Builders Sand/ Washed Sand – No 3 Sand/ All Passing Sand – Sandpit Sand/ East Coast Sand – Plaster Sand; Aggregates – Builders Mix – BM20 – Charcoal Chip / Roof Grit – Scoria All. Regulatory Traffic. If the repair area is deeper than ½ inch, then repeat step 2 until area is filled. In 2017, more than 2m. $29. Repair time is about 20 minutes from start to opening of traffic. 4. lead and direct - construction projects | project governance | stakeholder management | align business needs and expectations | implement lean and agile | budget. Push the melt-in filler deep into the cracks (Photo 2). Call Wolf Paving today. ChipFill™ has specific bonding capabilities that help seal the repaired area from future water penetration, potentially saving time and money down the line. Fill the pothole to just over the level of the existing pavement. • Sakrete U. Pothole repairs: (Mixture 1 part AGB mixed with 3 parts water) Remove any loose material and shape the pothole area to be square or rectangular. “The city is an old city,” Montanez observes. Thibaut Fourton’s Post Thibaut FourtonThe Sweep & Clean. Search here. The charges for tipping services shall be as follows: Half-ton truck (per load) $20. Press Release. #3. Using asphalt crack filler and sealer to repair cracks caused by inclement weather, plowing, snowblowers, and general wear and tear will preserve your driveway for years. 336-740-7650 info@afinelinestriping. Contact Supplier. The Cat Command station is located in the U. Package Height. This manhole cover repair in South Korea is a great example of how effective and easy road repairs can be when using ChipFill™ as the solution. Package Width. * Avoid rocks over 3 inches / 75 mm in size. The exact cost will depend on a number of factors, such as the driveway size and material. Our thermoplastic repair material ChipFill® is a popular and easy solution when it comes to fixing cracks and potholes in the road – do you know a place. If you still have a burning question about repairing potholes with tarmac, contact our expert team on 0330 122 1025 (weekdays, 8. Pothole Repair. Road. The only way to keep potholes from coming back is to repair them effectively – but long-lasting fixes aren’t easy in Canada’s climate. This makes ChipFill a durable and cost-effective solution as it prevents damages from becoming bigger and more expensive to repair. This manhole cover repair in South Korea is a great example of how effective and easy road repairs can be when using ChipFill™ as the solution. ChipFill™ - Hot applied surface defect repair system - GevekoA full pothole repair is a far more time- and effort-intensive process. On average, it costs $300 to repair vehicle damage caused by a pothole. Vijayant Kumar posted a video on LinkedInOnce a crack forms, if it’s not promptly sealed, water seeps in and over time, it can destabilize the gravel fill beneath the asphalt, causing the asphalt to crumble away and create a pothole. Slide. Ft. ₹ 280 / Bag. It is fast and easily applied with the use of a heat torch which makes it conform to the contours of the pothole and bond to the surface. Aquaphalt 6. Potholes are more than just ugly, they can also be dangerous, causing damage to vehicles and potential trip and fall accidents for pedestrians. Yurii Yaskevich’s Post Yurii YaskevichHarford County: Call 410-638-3279, use the Android or iOS app or submit a request online here. ChipFill™ offers an ideal, on-the-spot repair of the road after the installation of optical cables which are used to provide internet access. • Chip seal provides more traction than traditional asphalt. 30am–5. Cut Out and Clean the Hole. From £68. The amount of damage to the structural integrity of the road can vary quite a bit from one pothole to another. This manhole cover repair in South Korea is a great example of how effective and easy road repairs can be when using ChipFill™ as the solution. Compact this layer with repeated blows from your tamper tool. ChipFill® can be applied all year round ChipFill® is easy to use and apply. The months of December through April are considered the heart of the pothole season--when the city typically sees the highest number of potholes. Spray-injection patching machine. ChipFill® ist ein schnelles Reparatursystem für kleinere Schlaglöcher, Risse und Fehlstellen in Asphalt. Requiring the ground to be warm and dry, this mixture is best for filling cracks and potholes in the spring and summer months. The rehabilitation can be jeopardized if broken pavement parts are mixed with new pavement. If you still have a burning question about repairing potholes with tarmac, contact our expert team on 0330 122 1025 (weekdays, 8. Get a flexible, fit-for-purpose. 3. . Can fill depths up to 100mm (greater depths can be achieved by applying the layer-on-layer method). Der Einbau erfolgt mit einem Gasbrenner. Family Handyman. • Place the new asphalt on top. As the name indicates, ChipFill ® consists of small chips which are easy to handle and apply. e. Pour the asphalt approximately a ½” above the surface. Thermoplastic Surface Defect Repair Kit UltraCrete 13Kg. Now, scientists report a brand-new way to repair roads that's also eco-friendly—by using a remnant of wastewater treatment called grit that's usually disposed of in landfills. A relationship is NOT a place you go to GET, it's a place you go to GIVE. Can also be used for bridge repair, friction, speed bumps, alligator cracking, and more. Project Engineer at Comprehensive Construction Consulting, Inc. Model # 257892 Store SKU # 1000682329. ), $12. This is the most basic pothole repair method. Press Release. Barcodes, Auto Ident, machine vision, deep learning, RFID, & RTLS solutions for intra-logistics and. ChipFill is our effective pothole repair system for smaller damages on roads. Cut directly around the edges of the hole to remove any jagged or rough edges. ChipFill is uniquely designed to provide a cost effective method for quick repairs or patching of potholes, cracks, manholes and small open areas in asphalt, concrete, bricks and cobblestones. From $ 22. Great for fixing small cracks in the asphalt or pavement before water gets in and causes serious deterioration. To help road authorities tackle this challenge, TAC’s newly-released Best Practices for Pothole Repairs in Canada looks at current approaches to fixing potholes in Canada, and at effective techniques used by domestic and international agencies. 5-inch-thick layers and smooth it out. Potholes often begin as imperceptible microscopic cracks in the road surface. Full company details Follow. Remove any loose chunks of pavement, weeds, and debris. Ensure that no large loose rocks are present in the pothole prior to stage 2. Postcrete is quite a weak concrete mix, so the edges will crack in icy weather. : DK-3670 7321 sales@gevekomarkings. the repair area and remove moisture from the surface with a propane fueled heat gun. comChipfill Pothole Road Repair. This pothole patch is a low-cost-but-temporary fix. ₹ 280 / Bag. Tamping it with a 5 gallon bucket or other heavy, flat object is effective, or you can roll over it with your vehicle. by: Will Conybeare. Make sure the hole is slightly larger at the bottom than the top, scraping the sides of the hole as needed to create the right angle. Topics: Pothole Repair , Cold Mix Asphalt , Asphalt Manufacturing. This also describes temporary treatments designed to hold the surface together until more permanent repairs can be performed. Keep copies of all quotes, invoices and receipts to support your claim. jayonrait. depth, width, number of potholes in one location). Small Crack Repair. Watco Bitu-Mend® Pothole Repair. Passers-by could trip over a pothole could get injured. Watch these two amazing video to see how it's done. Potholes. CHIPFILL Method For Pothole Repair 👍:- Innovation at its best 👍 The pothole problem isn’t just a reality in Canada. While the throw-and-roll repair method. 1. Use a stiff brush to clean the hole/ crack, and preheat the area with a propane gas burner. The average cost to repair one pothole is about $35-$50, with the possible cost of between $100-$150 to get the equipment and crew out to your location. Rapid repair time – no cooling required. Examiners review the circumstances, the type and location of the pothole, determine if TDOT had been previously notified of the issue, and. And. com. Peel and Seal Driveway Patch 10-lin ft Asphalt Patch. Freetech Road Maintenance Engineering Co. 275. • Heat the pothole to remove any excess moisture in the existing pavement as well as soften the region so that fresh asphalt can be placed. for pricing and availability. Søg her. An environmentally-friendly, ready to use recycled asphalt product. pothole, product | 287K views, 99 likes, 3 loves, 16 comments, 179 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Street FX Motorsport USA: Melting that product down to repair the. ChipFill™ offers an ideal, on-the-spot repair of the road after the installation of optical cables which are used to provide internet access. It. Blog. Chipfill Pothole Road Repair | Filling and heating thermoplastic to repair the potholes of a road via Geveko Markings | By Interesting EngineeringIn San Severo in the south-eastern part of Italy, ChipFill was recently put to the test to check exactly how effective and easy it is to use. • Place the new asphalt on top. Unit Weight: 50 lbs. It cures within 24 hours of applying. Can fill depths up to 100mm (greater depths can be achieved by applying the layer-on-layer method). Step 1 - Remove Debris From Pothole. Potholes and ruts are filled before the application of sealant. Subscribe. Say ‘ciao’ to potholes with ChipFill™ --- Regions --- Belgique (Français) België (Nederlands) Belgium (English) Global Americas Australia Denmark Deutschland España France United Kingdom. Grade, reshape and compact. No mixing. By-Law 2020-17. ThermLite™ is a versatile and cost-effective thermoplastic marking material. Coat the vertical surfaces of the crack with a small excess of filler deposited in the bottom of the crack. PREMARK Anti-Skid is a preformed thermoplastic road marking with high skid-resistance. It can be used to repair bigger as well as smaller potholes in roads, highways, bridges, or parking areas. Chipfill Pothole Road Repair. If the material in the hole is dry soil, you may want to use a garden hose to dampen it because the tar will not stick to dry dirt. Note: For pothole repairs on non-county. Squaring up the edges with a hammer and chisel makes for a longer-lasting, durable repair. Use a stiff brush to clean the hole/ crack, and preheat the area with a propane gas burner. However, emphasizing preventive maintenance mayAsphalt needs to be swept and cleared entirely before the application of any chip and seal roads or coating, as loose gravel and other such debris can interfere with its proper adhesion. 2. However, emphasizing preventive maintenance may Asphalt needs to be swept and cleared entirely before the application of any chip and seal roads or coating, as loose gravel and other such debris can interfere with its proper adhesion. When you analyze pothole repair cost, take into account whether the repairs are temporary or permanent. For comparison, rebuilding a roughly one-mile stretch of Western Avenue in Peoria is a. Filling and heating thermoplastic to repair the potholes of a road via Geveko Markings3. Remove large rocks and other debris. Reviews. Shiv Sons. Throw-and-Roll Repair Methods. These two specially designed products provide a fast and easy repair of the. $29. Regulatory Traffic. Alexander Tricker’s Post Alexander Tricker Design Engineer at BAE Systems 4y1. Chipfill Pothole Road Repair. 00 in. Typical cost to repair potholes is approximately $35 to $50 per pothole. Pour to a level approximately ½” above surface to allow for compaction. If you don’t have a hand tamp, simply drive over the repair until it’s level with the driveway. Swerving to avoid a pothole could lead to an accident between a car and a motorcycle. American Road Patch is an unmatched permanent pothole repair solution. Filling and heating thermoplastic to repair the potholes of a road via Geveko MarkingsChipFill® can be applied all year round. 7. " Claims over $10,000 must be submitted to the California Government Claims Program, which "gives you the. Choose a less busy street at an off-peak traffic hour. Use a stiff brush to clean the hole/ crack, and preheat the area with a propane gas burner. With the shovel, fill the pothole a little over halfway with loosely packed screenings. Find My Store. A pothole is visible on a street on May 15, 2017 in San Francisco, California. Give us a call now at (614) 353-2120 for more information on our pothole repair services or to schedule a consultation today. ChipFill™ is a specially designed thermoplastic for repairing cracks and smaller holes with diameter around 15-20 cm, and minimizing the. The EZ Street Cold Patch Advantage. There is a right and a wrong way to fill a pothole. When heated, ChipFill® thermoplastic becomes fluent, and the binders in the material bind to the bitumen in the. Dig out any remaining excess of rock, dirt, and debris. ChipFill™ is uniquely designed to provide a cost effective method for quick repairs or patching of potholes, cracks, manholes and small open areas in asphalt. Ft. 0 Permanent Asphalt Repair for potholes, driveways, and roads - Bucket. ChipFill™ is uniquely designed to provide a cost effective method for quick repairs or patching of potholes, cracks, manholes and small open areas in asphalt, concrete, bricks and cobblestones. 99. Bedrock’s qualified chemists and technicians are familiar with the region-specific. These two specially designed products provide a fast and easy repair of. Fiber optics act as the backbone. Cut the jagged edges out with a wet saw if you want a cleaner repair. ChipFill™ offers an ideal, on-the-spot repair of the road after the installation of optical cables which are used to provide internet access. Full-Depth Repair: $3. Wolf Paving reviews the proper 8-step process for pothole repair in this free eBook. CALL US TODAY! 800-441-4880. This manhole cover repair in South Korea is a great example of how effective and easy road repairs can be when using ChipFill™ as the solution. ChipFill ® is a hot applied surface defect repair system specially designed to repair cracks and holes in the road. Reapply cold joint spray to the edges and base, add another layer and tamp again. Cartridge. PREMARK™ Anti-Skid. 4. Cold pothole patches start with you having to clean out pebbles and any loose materials in the pothole. Promix Cracksealer. Pothole repairs. 5 out. Step 3 – Prior to compacting material, spread a liberal amount of water over patch material. The Price of Ignoring a Pothole. The material uses a hot applied surface system to conform to the contours of the area and create a binding surface with plenty of grip. Regulatory Traffic. Search here. TacGuide can easily be added to most horizontal surfaces without the need for reconstructing entire areas. This also describes temporary treatments designed to hold the surface together until more permanent repairs can be performed. 874. Don’t drive fast. Paul Public. COMPACT. Our hot-applied road repair product, ChipFill can be used for more than traditional pothole repairs. Works in any temperature, rain or shine: -20°F to 140°F. So if you're hole is about 12" diameter give or take and the depth of the hole is 4" plus 1" to 2" for overfill, you're looking at around 50 lbs to 60 lbs for that one hole. Keystone Tar & Chip Asphalt Paving LLC’s Pothole Repair and Diagnosis. 30pm). For more information on Wolf Paving or to request a free e stimate for your next paving project contact one of our two offices. Easy repair of cable installations with ChipFill™ --- Regions --- Global Americas Australia Denmark Deutschland España France United Kingdom Nederland República PortuguesaChipFill™ offers an ideal, on-the-spot repair of the road after the installation of optical cables which are used to provide internet access. First things first, assess the hole you’re able to fill. But the fixes never seem to last and after years of. Order online at Screwfix. locate us 210 Wells Fargo Drive, Houston. 1K views 2 years ago. From $ 14. Step 2: Pour. Not only does EZ Street Asphalt work in ALL weather conditions, it even works in water. Add water to increase compaction of the new fill. Add to wishlist. Instant Pothole Repair is ready mixed - use in hot, freezing & wet weather conditions. 5. The asphalt is then compacted with a roller. Gently apply pressure to the bag of cold-lay tarmac to soften it. ChipFill is our effective pothole repair system for smaller damages on roads. So, if you live in Baltimore and a pothole forms, you must start by attending a local City Council meeting. At Geveko Markings, our approach must support growth as well as improvements in profits, environmental impact, social impact, and. 85 (Ex VAT) Watco Bitu-Mend® is a durable bitumen-based patch repair material for use on exterior potholed asphalt and concrete. Fill the repair are with a maximum layer of ½ inch of ChipFill™ and apply heat. As the name indicates, ChipFill ® consists of small chips which. Saint-Gobain ADFORS. Yes, we can use concrete for the repairing asphalt path. Added on April 29, 2014 The News Wheel edge seal repair, full-depth roadway replacement, Pothole, Pothole repair, Pothole repairs, potholes, semi-permanent repair, spray-injection repair, throw. Turn the saw on and let the blade come up to speed. Can also be used for bridge repair, friction, speed bumps, alligator cracking, and more. Model # 34969-5. From small beginnings in Gothenburg to today, where we are a global leading brand within horizontal outdoor markings with nearly a century of expert knowledge behind us. Online Report Form. Clean out all plant matter, debris, and broken asphalt from the area. Allow to penetrate and soak into material. Put on gloves, protective eyewear, and a dust mask. Chipfill Pothole Road Repair. for pricing and availability. Cold Mix Road Repair, 220 V, Capacity: 10. If the repair area is deeper than ½ inch, then repeat step 2 until area is filled. Pothole Patch Method 1: Cold Asphalt Patch Pothole Repair. Pour cold mix. Throw-and-go is the most common method used in pothole repair campaigns and involves filling the pothole with material and having traffic compact it. Chipfill Pothole Road Repair. Whatever the weather, whatever the size of the pothole – it will be fixed in 3 simple steps and fully trafficable within 20 minutes: Mix the Degafill pothole repair kit components together in the bucket provided. It is fast and easily applied with the use of a heat torch which makes it bond to the surface. 7K loves, 3. Highest ratedin this set of products. As the name indicates, ChipFill consists of. Get the BLACK JACK Ready Road Repair Permanent Pothole Repair at your local Home Hardware store. Use a stiff brush to clean the hole/ crack, and preheat the area with a propane gas burner. ChipFill™ - Hot applied surface defect repair system - GevekoPotholes that are left unattended can become a great threat to road safety and beyond what ChipFill is able to repair on its own. 1 x 750ml can Edge Sealant. RockAsphalt© creates a permanent repair with zero curing time, and it’s traffic ready immediately, so there are no. March 28, 2022. The heated ChipFill® will start to be fluent and follow the contexture of the hole/crack. ChipFill® can be applied all year round ChipFill® is easy to use and apply. ChipFill™ is uniquely designed to provide a cost effective method for quick repairs or patching of potholes, cracks, manholes and small open areas in asphalt, concrete, bricks and cobblestones. Prepare the Pothole. It is the most effective and cost-efficient method that levels up the worsen asphalt. For the Milwaukee area, call us at 262-965-2121. Structural repairs take. Repair and re-compact the base if necessary. To ensure slip resistance, add anti-slip additives after application while material is still hot. . Package Length. chipfill pothole road repair. Write to the council responsible for the road with the pothole on. Asphalt Repair Has Never Been Easier Keeping up on asphalt repair with driveway filler and sealer is a low-cost home improvement project with a great return on investment. Cold-patch is typically the best pothole repair material. com. The heated ChipFill® will start to be fluent and follow the contexture of the hole/crack. This manhole cover repair in South Korea is a great example of how effective and easy road repairs can be when using ChipFill™ as the solution. Bad weather, poor drainage and heavy traffic can all cause that surface to loosen and wear away. repair that will be required to correct the damage in the most effective manner. 3. New, stabilized base keeps problems from reappearing. Repair your own potholes. Our thermoplastic repair material ChipFill® is a popular and easy solution when it comes to fixing cracks and potholes in the road – do you know a place. Passion for marketing. If a depression remains the next day, apply a second coat. Use your wire street broom to clean the pothole and the surrounding area thoroughly. Coldmix Pothole Repair – 20kg Bag. BBB Start with Trust ®. Step 1: Prepare the pothole for patching by cleaning it thoroughly. Ready to use. $29. (Freetech), is a subsidiary of Freetech Road Recycling Technology (Holdings) Co. Solutions. I just got a decently sized rock chip on the cx5 from chips flying off a cold-filled pothole and was wondering if this is repairable with off-the-shelf items or if the windshield will need to be replaced. ChipFill is our effective pothole repair system for smaller damages on roads. There may be an initial mobilization cost of about $100 to $150 to bring trucks and crew out to the repair site. San Francisco mayor Ed Lee announced a two-year $90 million street repair project to repave the city’s aging roads. 90 Inc VAT: £86. One of the first steps of how to fix windshield chip is to clean the glass around the area. ChipFill has specific. GeoFlo Rapid Asphalt Repair is provided in five gallon bucket kits with pre-measured polymers and sand. Apply tack when prepping a pothole for repair, which can create a tighter bond between the new material and the repair area. Below are benefits of repairing potholes. Tel +45 63 51 71 71. 5 x 25kg Tub Instant Pothole Repair. Search here. m. £71. It’s self-compacting. Start by filling the pothole with coarse gravel up to about three inches below the surface of the driveway. Asphalt Patching. Average. This manhole cover repair in South Korea is a great example of how effective and easy road repairs can be when using ChipFill™ as the solution. ChipFill™ offers an ideal, on-the-spot repair of the road after the installation of optical cables which are used to provide internet access. It is heated and poured at over 300 degrees to fill and seal the excavated hole but cools quickly for fast installation. 3. Repairing potholes can be a profitable business for contractors, and the range of pothole repair equipment on the market can help. Road Rescue Asphalt Repair Road Rescue Asphalt Repair 2 Pack Road Rescue Asphalt Repair 3 Pack Road Rescue Asphalt Repair 10 Pack Road Rescue Asphalt Repair 62 Pack ; Item Weight : 50 pounds : 100 pounds : 150 pounds : 500 pounds : 3150 pounds : Coverage : 7 Sq. Use a high-performance blacktop repair, which is a mix of stone and asphalt binder to fill in the hole. It doesn’t crack or disintegrate. S. Chip seal repair can last up to 7 years, while sealcoating typically only lasts for 1 – 3 years. The first step is to use a hammer and chisel (or large screwdriver), or an asphalt saw to remove any cracked pieces of asphalt around the edges. 2. Degafill is an ultra-fast curing, permanent pothole repair solution for driveways, car parks, roads and highways provided in kit form. Improve the tactile guidance on existing surfaces without any big investments. ChipFill® is a thermoplastic specially designed to repair cracks and small holes in asphalt with a diameter of approximately 15-20 cm, minimizing the risk of defects increasing. Apply a tack coat tot the vertical edges to improve adhesion. EPOXYSHIELD® Asphalt Pothole Filler is a pre-mixed, ready-to-use "cold patch" asphalt repair product that permanently patches potholes and large cracks. Cold patch repair makes use of pre-mixed asphalt to fill the pothole. Regulatory Traffic. One of the alternative uses for ChipFill actually has to do with something you are using right now, namely the Internet.